Cardiac arrest: what it looks like and what to do

Every minute counts in cardiac arrest. Your heart suddenly stops pumping blood. Breathing stops or becomes irregular. The person collapses and becomes unresponsive. Fast action can save a life.

How is cardiac arrest different from a heart attack? A heart attack is a blocked artery that can lead to cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest is an electrical problem; the heart fails to beat effectively right away. You can have a heart attack without arrest, and an arrest without a prior heart attack.

Common signs are sudden collapse, no pulse, no normal breathing, and loss of consciousness. Sometimes a person may gasp or make weak sounds. Skin may look pale or blue. If you see these signs, assume cardiac arrest until proven otherwise.

What should you do first? Call emergency services immediately. If someone is with you, tell one person to call while another starts CPR. If you are alone, call first if you can use speakerphone and start CPR. Get an automated external defibrillator, or AED, if one is nearby.

How to do hands-only CPR

Push hard and fast in the center of the chest. Aim for about 100 to 120 compressions per minute. Let the chest rise fully between compressions. Keep going until help arrives or the person moves. Rescue breaths are useful but not required for adults if you are not trained.

Using an AED

Turn it on and follow voice prompts. Attach the pads to the bare chest as shown. The device will analyze the heart rhythm and tell you if a shock is needed. Stand clear while it delivers a shock. After a shock, immediately resume CPR until emergency teams take over.

Who is at higher risk? People with coronary artery disease, previous heart attacks, heart failure, or serious arrhythmias have higher risk. Other factors include age, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, and extreme physical stress. But cardiac arrest can happen to young people with hidden heart conditions too.

Preventive steps that help. Control blood pressure, stop smoking, manage cholesterol, stay active, and maintain a healthy weight. If you have symptoms like chest pain, fainting, or palpitations, see a doctor. Follow medical advice about medications, procedures, or devices like implantable defibrillators when recommended.

What to expect after a rescue. Survival depends on how quickly CPR and defibrillation started. Hospitals will check for causes and treat complications. Recovery can include rehabilitation, medications, and lifestyle changes. Some people need devices or surgery to prevent recurrence.

Learning CPR and AED use saves lives. Most communities offer short courses. Even quick online videos help you feel ready. If you care about family, friends, or coworkers, learn these skills today.

Practice makes response smoother. Review steps every year and practice on a mattress or training manikin when possible. Ask your workplace about AED locations and emergency plans. Encourage schools and community centers to host training. Knowing what to do removes panic and gives someone a real chance at survival.

Act fast, learn now.